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Tag Archives: model

SimAmph: An agent-based simulation model for exploring the use of psychostimulants and related harm amongst young Australians

Thursday, June 30, 2011

Abstract: Background: Computer simulations provide a useful tool for bringing together diverse sources of information in order to increase understanding of the complex aetiology of drug use and related harm, and to inform the development of effective policies. In this paper, we describe SimAmph, an agent-based simulation model for exploring how individual perceptions, peer influences and subcultural settings shape the use of psychostimulants and related harm amongst young Australians.Methods: We present the conceptual architecture underpinning SimAmph, the assumptions we made in building it, the outcomes of sensitivity analysis of key model parameters and the results obtained when we modelled a baseline scenario.Results: SimAmph’s core behavioural algorithm is able to produce social patterns of partying and recreational drug use that approximate those found in an Australian national population survey

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How many HIV infections are prevented by Vancouver Canada’s supervised injection facility?

Wednesday, March 30, 2011

Abstract: Mathematical modelling analyses of drug injection-related HIV risk reduction interventions can provide policy makers, researchers, and others with important information that would be difficult to obtain through other means. The validity of the results of mathematical modelling analyses that rely on secondary data sources critically depends on the model(s) employed in the analyses and the parameter values used to populate the models. A recent article in the International Journal of Drug Policy by Andresen and Boyd (2010: 70–76) utilised four different mathematical models of injection-related HIV transmission to estimate the number of HIV infections prevented by Vancouver Canada’s Insite supervised injection facility (SIF)

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Using theories of behaviour change to inform interventions for addictive behaviours

Thursday, July 29, 2010

Aims This paper reviews a set of theories of behaviour change that are used outside the field of addiction and considers their relevance for this field.Methods Ten theories are reviewed in terms of (i) the main tenets of each theory, (ii) the implications of the theory for promoting change in addictive behaviours and (iii) studies in the field of addiction that have used the theory. An augmented feedback loop model based on Control Theory is used to organize the theories and to show how different interventions might achieve behaviour change.Results Briefly, each theory provided the following recommendations for intervention: Control Theory: prompt behavioural monitoring, Goal-Setting Theory: set specific and challenging goals, Model of Action Phases: form ‘implementation intentions’, Strength Model of Self-Control: bolster self-control resources, Social Cognition Models (Protection Motivation Theory, Theory of Planned Behaviour, Health Belief Model): modify relevant cognitions, Elaboration Likelihood Model: consider targets’ motivation and ability to process information, Prototype Willingness Model: change perceptions of the prototypical person who engages in behaviour and Social Cognitive Theory: modify self-efficacy.Conclusions There are a range of theories in the field of behaviour change that can be applied usefully to addiction, each one pointing to a different set of modifiable determinants and/or behaviour change techniques

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